Introduction
The full form of TB is Tuberculosis Bacilli. It is an infectious disease and if not stopped in the initial stage, it proves fatal. It kills the person slowly. TB disease is known by many other names, such as tuberculosis, TB and Tuberculosis.
Six to seven crore people in the world are suffering from this disease and every year 25 to 30 lakh people die from it. In the country, two patients die due to tuberculosis every three minutes. Every day, forty thousand people get infected by it.
TB disease is caused by a bacterial infection. It is considered a lung disease, but it can also spread from the lungs to other parts of the body with the blood flow, such as bones, bone joints, lymph glands, intestines, urinary and reproductive organs, skin and the membrane over the brain etc.
TB bacteria enter the body through breathing. When a patient coughs, talks, sneezes or spits, very small droplets of mucus and saliva spread in the air. The bacteria present in these droplets can remain in the air for many hours and enter the body of a healthy person while breathing and cause disease.
Small lumps, i.e. tubercles, are formed in the organs affected by the disease. If not treated, the affected organs gradually stop functioning and this can be the cause of death.
TB disease is also found in cows. Its bacteria are released in milk and a person who drinks unboiled milk can get infected.
Special:
Every year 20 lakh people in India are affected by TB.
1. About 5 lakh people die every year.
2. The number of TB patients in India is more than any other country in the world.
3. If we calculate an average, then 30 percent of the world's TB patients are found in India.
TB Causes of the disease:
There are many causes of TB disease, the main causes are poverty, insufficient and less nutritious food due to poverty, many people living in a small space, lack of cleanliness and drinking raw cow milk etc.
1. By being in contact with a person who has TB, consuming and using his things.
2. When a TB patient spits here and there, its virus flies and attacks a healthy person.
3. One can also get affected by this disease by drinking alcohol and smoking. Also, workers working in slate factories are also at risk.
Spread of the disease:
TB bacteria reach the lungs through breathing, they keep increasing their number in the lungs. Due to their infection, small wounds are formed in the lungs. This can be known through X-ray, the symptoms of the wound appear mild.
The special thing about this disease is that its symptoms do not appear in most people. If the immunity of the person is weak, then its symptoms start appearing soon and he becomes completely ill. TB bacteria are found inside the lungs or lymph nodes of such people, in some people who have high immunity, these bacteria get closed inside them by forming a cover of calcium or fibrosis. The bacteria live in the lungs or lymph nodes in the body. Then they do not cause harm, nothing can be done against such bacteria.
These bacteria can remain in a dormant state in the body for many years without causing any harm, but as soon as the immunity of the body becomes weak, the symptoms of TB start appearing. It can spread to any part of the body.
The symptoms of TB are similar to those of bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer, so when there is no definite diagnosis of any other disease, there is a possibility of it.
Symptoms of TB:
Lack of appetite, feeling less hungry and sudden weight loss.
1. Feeling restless and lethargic, feeling pain in the chest, tiredness and sweating at night.
2. Mild fever, feeling hot.
3. Persistent cough, phlegm in cough and blood in phlegm. Sometimes sudden cough with force and blood.
4. Swelling in the lymph nodes of the neck and formation of abscess there.
5. Chest pain while taking deep breath, swelling on the waist bone, pain in the knee, difficulty in bending the knee, etc.
6. In women, stiff neck with fever, rolling eyes or fainting are the symptoms of tuberculous meningitis.
7. In abdominal TB, there are abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence etc.
8. Symptoms of TB pneumonia include high fever, cough and chest pain.
Treatment of TB:
Treatment of TB is started by taking chest X-ray and laboratory examination of sputum.
1. Nowadays, different antibiotics/antibacterial medicines are used together for the treatment of TB. This treatment continues for 6 to 9 months without any break.
2. If there is irregularity in taking the medicine for this disease, its bacteria develop resistance to the medicine. Due to this, the medicine does not have any effect on the bacteria. This condition is dangerous for the patient. The reason for giving more types of antibiotics is that the bacteria do not develop resistance.
3. During treatment, the patient should get nutritious food, he should stay away from alcohol, cigarettes etc.
4. To protect children from TB, BCG vaccine is given immediately after birth. Now it is believed that BCG vaccine has no role in this.
5. To prevent TB, the patient's family members are also given medicine, so that the patient's infection does not spread to other members like wife, children and elderly etc. For this, they are given Isonex tablets for three months.
According to Dr. Atul Kharate, Superintendent, Manorama Raje Tuberculosis Hospital (Indore), 'Now the possibility of tuberculosis infection is expressed only on a 15-day old cough. If the patient gets treated with DOTS method, then it takes less than 10 months to get rid of tuberculosis. The condition is that the medicine has to be taken regularly and daily. People who stop taking medicines in between, their tuberculosis germs are not destroyed but they develop resistance to the medicine.'
District TB Officer Dr. Vijay Chhajlani informed that tuberculosis mainly occurs in the age group of 15-60 years. Every year, due to this, the country faces an economic loss of 12 thousand crore rupees. Every year, more than one lakh women are abandoned by their families due to tuberculosis. In Indore district, sputum tests are conducted in 31 government laboratories. 15 voluntary organizations are cooperating in this work.
The biggest fatal disease after AIDS:
Every second, one person in the world is getting caught in the clutches of tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organization, one-third of the world's total population is in the grip of latent tuberculosis infection. March 24 is celebrated as Tuberculosis Day all over the world. After HIV AIDS, tuberculosis is the biggest fatal disease.
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