Skin
Strictly speaking, it is the largest organ – not related to any other body system, and an adult human being has about 20 square feet of it. But it is only three millimeters thick, but represents the first barrier against heat or cold, bacteria, irritation, allergies and other threats from the outside world. With this, the skin itself forms an organ that is already sensitive to the stimuli of our skin sensitivity.
The skin has two layers: the epidermis, being the outer layer, is the thinnest of the two layers. It is as thick as a sheet of paper. The cells inside the epidermis "live" for about 30 days and are constantly changing, as older cells dry out and slough off. In fact, the epidermis produces approximately one and a half million new cells an hour.
There are two main layers of skin, which includes the dermis as most people think of it as the inner part of the skin. These all include blood vessels, nerves, oil and sweat glands that lie within these layers. Its
thickness ranges from 15 to 40 times that of the epidermal layer. When these layers fuse together, they retain moisture within the body and trap harmful substances within the body. This type of sweat gland is present in the skin, which is powerful enough to control and monitor our body temperature.
Whenever our body starts getting hot, the sweat glands present on the outer edges of the skin start producing sweat for our body. If this trend continues like this, it will prove to be very costly in terms of energy and hence in the process the body also loses its heat as the sweat will evaporate into the
atmosphere. These skin cells exposed to the sun produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our body absorb calcium; Of course, without calcium, there can be no healthy bones.
Skeletal System
Our skeleton is flexible and supportive, made up of bones. Bone is a living tissue and is constantly renewed. It contains small blood vessels and calcium. Both of these require oxygen and nutrients to produce energy to support the cell's activity as it grows and repairs itself. Oxygen is pumped around the body by certain cells called red blood cells. These cells are made in the bone marrow inside large bones.
Bones provide a structure to our body and also produce red blood cells. They also protect the internal organs from injury. The skull named part of human bodyprotects the brain, and the ribs named part of human body protect the lungs and heart. There are other levers that can be connected through movement in our muscles and bones. Most of these occur in the hands, wrists, and feet and ankles, which make up the 206 bones in an adult human body. These babies are born with about 300 bones that grow together to form larger bones.
Muscles
There are more than 600 muscles in the human body, which fill almost every part of the body. Muscles are organs made of long, cylindrical cells called muscle fibers. When a given group of muscle fibers contracts, the entire muscle contracts and then causes movement in nearby parts of the body. Muscles grow and strengthen through exercise; Otherwise, they shrink and weaken due to lack of exercise.
Muscle fibers can contract for only a few seconds. Whenever you want to contract a muscle, the muscle fibers contract in turn. Therefore the entire muscle can work for a longer period of time. But later the muscle will start getting tired and after rest it will not be able to contract so easily and effectively. This is called muscle fatigue. A muscle will only work effectively if it has first been rested and allowed to recover after being tired by its actions. There are two types of muscles named as, voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are those muscles that are under our control. Moving organs such as arms and legs are a type of voluntary muscles. Others are involuntary muscles, which simply means that they cannot be said to be under control, as they work day and night. Some examples of involuntary muscles include the heart muscles, stomach, and intestines.
Digestive System
The most important organs of digestion in the digestive system include the mouth, stomach and small intestine. There are two different forms of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion simply breaks down the substance into physically smaller particle sizes.
Chemical digestion will change the chemical state of a substance by breaking it into smaller, simpler chemical elements. The mouth has two roles during digestion; This is both mechanical as well as chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs through tearing of food in the mouth while chewing.
Chemical digestion begins with saliva which breaks down the starch. This chyme occurs due to involuntary contractions of its muscles during activity in the stomach. The process of digestion occurs chemically in both the stomach and small intestine. The stomach contains hydrochloric acid, or HCl, and a chemical that is made in this body organ called pepsin. Both HCl and pepsin chemically break down the proteins found inside the stomach. In the small intestine nutrients are absorbed into the blood and transported to other cells in the rest of the body.
Food items are digested. The readily available products of this digestive process are mostly carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. There are six categories of nutrients. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins will be addressed as macronutrients for the purpose of simplicity; Vitamins, minerals and water should come under micronutrients.
Carbohydrate compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Carbohydrates can be sugars, starches, or even plant fibers. Fat is the richest source of energy. Fat is definitely the richest source of energy. If they come in excess, they lead to obesity as well as heart diseases.
Proteins: These are made up of amino acids. These are fairly simple molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. The body requires 22 amino acids. Of these, the human body actually produces 14. But eight must be supplied through diet. Vitamins are biological products available in the foods we eat. No food contains all the vitamins a healthy person needs. Thus, we need different foods from all food categories.
Minerals are inorganic chemical elements, including phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and many others. These cannot be ignored as minerals carry nerve messages, transfer oxygen to cells and aid in muscle contraction.
Water is considered to be the most important fluid for any human body. All biochemical reactions occur in water throughout the body. Since all the water in the body is lost through respiration and sweat while the body is performing all other activities throughout the day, and also through urination when it is made to work, the body must eliminate its Body fluids need to be replenished. Whatever food we eat also contains some percentage of water.
Other nutrients are vitamins and minerals and play very important catalytic functions in the consumption process of cells. Other nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; When they burn with oxygen, they provide energy. Calories per nutrient can be measured as a unit of measurement of the amount of energy provided by that nutrient. One gram of fat contains 9.0 calories while proteins and carbohydrates contain 4.9 calories per gram.
Respiratory System
The respiratory system of the human body includes various parts such as the nose, mouth, trachea, and lungs with diaphragm. The function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen for us to breathe. Cells require oxygen to carry out the process of energy production. The diaphragm part of human body is a large muscle located at the bottom of the chest cavity. When the diaphragm muscle contracts to draw air in, the lungs expand. It pushes air through the nose and mouth into the lungs through the windpipe or trachea. When the diaphragm relaxes it forces air out through the trachea, mouth and nose.
The lungs contain tiny alveoli, many tiny "dead-end" passages lined by blood vessels. As this oxygen diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood vessels, just as oxygen diffuses across the moist, thin skin of a frog, it is carried by these blood vessels from the lungs to the heart and then pumped elsewhere in the body. Is done. There are several more pulmonary arteries carrying blood from the heart to the lungs. Only carbon dioxide is freely released into the air in the lungs, while oxygen in the blood is life-sustaining.
Circulatory System
Sometimes, the term "transport system" is used to refer to the circulatory system because of its ability to transport all the materials needed within the body, such as those needed for respiration and carbon dioxide. Oxygen and nutrients. Cells need to respire because this process requires oxygen and nutrients which must be transported through the circulatory system. It carries away the products that result from the chemical reactions of respiration from cells as it moves around the circuit.
The circulatory system of human body includes the heart as well as blood vessels. Essentially, the heart is simply muscle, built in such a way that it pumps blood throughout the body. The human heart consists of about four cavities or chambers through which blood flows at a constant speed. There are approximately 70,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body. There are arteries that carry blood away from the heart and veins that carry blood back to the heart. The pulmonary arteries have a very narrow internal space that brings them to the lungs, so there is a very low concentration of oxygen. The pulmonary veins, which lead from the lungs to the heart, are rich in oxygen. When such oxygenated blood supplied by the heart reaches the heart through the systemic arteries, it travels to various other parts of the body. The blood contains unused carbon dioxide that moves with the respiratory cells. This deoxygenated blood will move through the systemic veins to the heart. It will then be transported to the lungs where the carbon dioxide is removed. Human blood consists of small suspended particles: the plasma or fluid portion constitutes 60% of the blood.
It is the fluid that carries other components of the blood through the blood vessel. Blood contains various types of cells such as white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as hemoglobin throughout the circulatory system. White blood cells make up the immune system and fight infection. Therefore, it is a blood clot on which platelets will rest like a cut in the skin at the site of the broken vessel. Nervous System The brain is an organ made up of one million cells. All this together controls the entire human body. It can receive and send messages through a network of nerves on the one hand.
As a medium, many nerves travel to and from the brain through the spinal cord. The eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue receive the change and carry it to the brain through nerves. It is very fast as it communicates through the nervous system at a speed of 350 feet per second where the brain will pick up on it to respond immediately. It is a body with more than 10 billion cells and a nervous system spread throughout the body.
