Ayurveda is divided into eight parts (Ashtanga Vaidyaka) for detailed analysis, special treatment and accessibility etc.: these eight parts are these- Physiology, surgery, surgery, virginity, agadatantra, ghost knowledge, chemistry and vajikaran.
1.Physiotherapy:
In this, treatment is generally done through medicinal use. It is derived from the root 'Chin Chayan' by adding suffix 'Ghan' and 'A' in place of 'Ch'. Both the etymologies 'Chiyate Annadibhih Iti Kayah' or 'Chiyate Prashastadoshdhatumalaih Iti Kayah' are expected here. In this, measures are taken to cure all the diseases like fever etc. arising from the stomach and duodenum which afflict the entire body. Therefore, it is called the first organ called Kayachikitsa. This 'body' is of youth etc. stages. The main systems of this organ are ‘Agniveshatantra (Charaksamhita), Bhelsamhita and Haritasamhita etc.
Mainly the treatment of diseases like fever, hemorrhoids, atrophy, mania, epilepsy, leprosy, gonorrhea, diarrhea etc. comes under this. The scripture writer has defined it as follows -
Kayachikhsanam sarvangasansritanamvyadhinam febrile bile Atrophymadapasmarakusthamahatisaradinamupashmanartham.
2.Surgical:
This organ is the most prominent among the eight parts of Ayurveda. The method of removing various types of turnips and the treatment done using fire, alkali, instruments, weapons etc. is called surgery. Removal of part of grass, pieces of wood, pieces of stone, dust, iron blocks, bones, hair, nails, surgery, impure blood, poo, dead embryos etc. from any ulcer and use of instruments and weapons and diagnosis of ulcers, and its treatment etc. have been included under surgery.
Shalyanam varishatrinakastisthapanshulohlosthastivalankhpuyasravadrashtvranam- Yantrasastraksharagnipranidhanvran decision for Targarbhashalyodvarana. (Su.Soo. 1.1). In the first Devasura battle, this was needed to permanently heal the wounds sustained in the war. At that time Devvaidya Ashwini-Kumars had made proper use of this system. Even today, surgical doctors represent him. Lord Dhanvantari was incarnated only for the re-establishment of organs like surgery etc. Even in Kayachikitsa-oriented Charaka Samhita, there is an indication of taking help from a surgeon in diseases like stomach, stomach and pharynx etc. Basically, in surgery, instructions are given for the use of instruments, weapons, alkali and fire.
3.Shalakya:
Due to the use of instruments and weapons like 'Shalaka' often in the treatment of the organs above the throat, it is called Shalakyatantra. It is also called 'vertical therapy'. The main area of this organ is the treatment of diseases based on vertical eyes, mouth, ears, nostrils etc. through rods etc. Today no book is available independently in the name of Shalakyatantra. In chapters 1 to 19 of Uttaratantra of Sushruta Samhita, eye diseases located in Uttamang (Shirhpradesh), ear diseases in chapters 20 and 21, nasar diseases from 22 to 24 and head diseases in chapters 25 and 26 have been described. Description of vocal diseases in Sushruta-Nidansthan and treatment of vocal diseases has been mentioned in Sushruta-Chikitshansthan Chapter 22. In Charak-Chikitsalthan Chapter 26, there is a description of nasal diagnosis from verses 104 to 117, diagnosis of venereal disease in 118, diagnosis of vocal disease from 119 to 123, diagnosis of ear disease in 127-128 and diagnosis of ophthalmology from 129 to 131. Anyway, saying something authoritatively on the school system was a matter against Charak's promise. As he has said—'paradhikare tu na vistaroktih shasteti tenayatra na naah doshavah'. Therefore they did not go into its details. Shalakyam Namurdhwajantugatanaam Shravan Nayan Vadana Ghranadi Sansritanaam Vyadhinamupashmanartham.
4.Virginity:
It is also called Balatantra. Pregnancy with children, women, especially pregnant women and special gynecology is described in this system. Due to lack of complete strength and metals etc. in the body of children, this organ has been described independently because all their types of medicines are of different types. There is a system since ancient times to give them milk as Mata or Dhatri (Dhaya = Upamata), the description of which is also available in literary texts. There is a doubt here that why did the Acharyas not give independent advice on the treatment of the elderly like children? Its solution is as follows: Old age comes after complete youth, hence most of its medical organs are included in physiology and to solve whatever part is left, a 7th chemistry has been arranged. The ancient text on this subject is only 'Kashyapasamhita', which is available in complete volume.
Kaumarbhrityam name Kumarbharan Dhatrikshiradoshsh Samvidhartham Rogueastanyagrahasamutthanam cha vyadhinamupashmanartham ॥
5.Agadtantra:
It describes various immovable, movable and artificial poisons and their symptoms and treatment. It is also called 'dandashtviashikitsa'. In both the Samhitas (Ashtangasangraha and Ashtangahridaya) written by Maharishi Vagbhata, the divisive formula of Ayurveda in the form of Ashtanga is obtained in an indescribable manner.
Agdatantra is that which describes the symptoms of permanent poisons like snake etc. movable and Vatsanabha etc. and describes various types of mixed poisons (garvishas) and their remedies for peace (quenching).
Agadatantram name Sarpakitalatamshikadidashtavish consonantartham Miscellaneous Vishasanyogopashmanartham cha
6.Ghost knowledge:
It is also called Grahakitikaya. It describes the disorders caused by the Devadhi planets and their treatment. In this, arrangements for peace are made for the living beings accepted (invisible) from planets like Dev, Asur, Putna etc. These also include Balagraha and Skandagrahas, and measures for their peace have also been discussed. There is no ancient independent system available on this subject today. Charaka Samhita-Nidanasthan 7.10-16 only, Charaka-chi. 9.16-21 And Sushruta Samhita-Uttaratantra chapters 27 to 37 and description of Bhootavidya is found in chapter 60. Apart from this, Sushruta Samhita-Sutrasthan Chapter 5.17-33 states the law to protect the patient through Rakshoghan mantras after performing armaments.
Bhootavidyanam Devasurgandharvayaksharaksha: Pitripishachanagagrahamupasrishta Chetasansantikarma Valiharanadigrahaopashmanartham ॥
7.Chemistry:
Ways to avoid the symptoms of chronic old age, achieve good health, strength, virility and longevity and remove the disorders caused by old age are described in this system. Rasayanatantra Naam Vaya: Sthapanamayumedhavalkaran Rogapaharanasambhram Ch.
8.Vajikaran:
The description of knowledge related to the origin, strength and symptoms arising from the defects caused in Shukradhatu and its decay, growth etc. along with the treatment of symptoms etc. comes under this.
Vajikaranatantra name Alpadushta kushvishkaretsamapyayan Prasadopachaya Janananimittam Praharsham Jananarthanch.
